Changing the script: using forum theatre to reimagine the future in later life

Main Article Content

Melanie Lovatt
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0185-6199
Gavin Crichton
https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3151-2696
Valerie Wright
Jade Elizabeth French
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3002-7410

Abstract

Dominant narratives told about older people typically foreground the past and downplay the significance of the future. This reinforces a partic­ular ageism that is predicated not so much on how many years a person has lived, as how many years they are assumed to have left. This article explores the potential of Forum Theatre to produce emancipatory coun­terstories of ageing futures. We present findings from qualitative research conducted with older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nine older adult participants co-created two Forum Theatre scenes (Waiting for Dot and Return to Wonderland), that were then shared and reworked virtually with a public audience of over 150. We argue that the participatory and inquiring techniques of Forum Theatre are useful in making visible how structural ageism operates in everyday discourses to marginalise, exclude and oppress people in later life, and to provide people with the opportuni­ties to change the script by challenging such narratives and storying their own futures.

Article Details

Section
Articles

References

Adam, B. (1995). Timewatch: The Social Analysis of Time. Cambridge: Polity Press.

Adam, B. (2014). Future matters for ageing research. In J. Bornat & R. Jones (eds.), Imagining Futures: Methodological Issues for Research into Ageing (pp. 11–25). London: Centre for Policy on Ageing.

Anderson, L. B. & Gettings, P. E. (2022). “Old age scares me”: Exploring young adults’ feelings about aging before and during COVID-19. Journal of Aging Studies 60: 100998. doi: 10.1016/j.jaging.2022.100998

Andrews, M. (2009). The narrative complexity of successful ageing. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 29(1/2): 73–83. doi: 10.1108/01443330910934736

Back, L. & Puwar, N. (2013). Live Methods. Malden: Wiley-Blackwell.

Bauman, Z. (2009). Socialism the Active Utopia (Routledge Revivals). Abingdon: Routledge.

Bernard, M. & Rickett, M. (2017). The cultural value of older people’s experiences of theater-making: A review. The Gerontologist 57: e1–e26. doi: 10.1093/geront/gnw093

Bernard, M., Rickett, M., Amigoni, D., Munro, L., Murray, M. & Rezzano, J. (2015). Ages and stages: The place of theatre in the lives of older people. Ageing & Society 35(6): 1119–1145. doi: 10.1017/S0144686X14000038

Black, K. & Lipscomb, V. B. (2017). The promise of documentary theatre to counter ageism in age-friendly communities. Journal of Aging Studies 42: 32–37. doi: 10.1016/j.jaging.2017.06.001

Blix, B. H., Hamran, T. & Normann, H. K. (2015). Roads not taken: A narrative positioning analysis of older adults’ stories about missed opportunities. Journal of Aging Studies 35: 169–177. doi: 10.1016/j.jaging.2015.08.009

Boal, A. (2008). Theatre of the Oppressed. London: Pluto Press.

Bornat, J. & Jones, R. L. (2014). The future as a topic in ageing research. In J. Bornat & R. L. Jones (eds.), Imagining Futures: Methodological Issues for Research into Ageing (pp. 1–11). London: Centre for Policy on Ageing.

Bowers, G. G. (2023). Invading capitalist ageism in applied theatre through anti-ageism praxis. Performance Research 28(3): 83–89. doi: 10.1080/13528165.2023.2272511

British Society of Gerontology (BSG). (2020). Covid-19: Statement from the President and Members of the National Executive Committee of the British Society of Gerontology. Available on https://ageingissues.wordpress.com/2020/03/21/covid-19-statement-from-the-president-and-members-of-the-national-executive-committee-of-the-british-society-of-gerontology/ (Accessed: August 7, 2024)

Côté-Boucher, K., Daly, T., Chivers, S., Braedley, S. & Hillier, S. (2024). Counter-narratives of active aging: Disability, trauma, and joy in the age-friendly city. Journal of Aging Studies 68: 101205. doi: 10.1016/j.jaging.2023.101205

De Medeiros, K. (2014). Narrative Gerontology in Research and Practice. New York: Springer Publishing Company.

De Medeiros, K. (2016). Narrative gerontology: Countering the master narratives of aging. Narrative Works 6(1): 63–81.

Degnen, C. (2021). Back to the future: Temporality, narrative and the ageing self. In E. Hallam & T. Ingold (eds.), Creativity and Cultural Improvisation (pp. 223–235). Routledge.

Derrer-Merk, E., Reyes-Rodriguez, M. F., Soulsby, L. K., Roper, L. & Bennett, K. M. (2023). Older adults’ experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative systematic literature review. BMC Geriatrics 23(1): 580. doi: 10.1186/s12877-023-04282-6

Elliott, R. (2022). The “Boomer remover”: Intergenerational discounting, the coronavirus and climate change. The Sociological Review 70(1): 74– 91. doi: 10.1177/00380261211049023

Erel, U., Reynolds, T. & Kaptani, E. (2017). Participatory theatre for transformative social research. Qualitative Research 17(3): 302–312. doi: 10.1177/1468794117696029

Fletcher, J. R. (2021). Chronological quarantine and ageism: COVID-19 and gerontology’s relationship with age categorisation. Ageing & Society 41(3): 479–492. doi: 10.1017/S0144686X20001324

Freeman, M. (2002). When the story’s over: Narrative foreclosure and the possibility of self-renewal. In M. Andrews, S. Day Sclater, C. Squire & A. Treacher (eds.), Lines of Narrative: Psychosocial Perspectives (pp. 81–91). London: Routledge.

Higgs, P. & Gilleard, C. (2021). Fourth ageism: Real and imaginary old age. Societies 11(1): 12. doi: 10.3390/soc11010012

Godhe, M. & Goode, L. (2018). Critical future studies – A thematic introduction. Culture Unbound 10(2): 151–162. doi: 10.3384/cu.2000.1525.2018102151

Gullette, M. M. (2004). Aged by Culture. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Gullette, M. M. (2024). American Eldercide: How It Happened, How to Prevent It. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

James, A., Jenks, C. & Prout, A. (1998). Theorizing Childhood (pp. 81–104). New York, NY: Polity Press.

Kaptani, E. & Yuval-Davis, N. (2008). Participatory theatre as a research methodology: Identity, performance and social action among refugees. Sociological Research Online 13: 5. doi: 10.5153/sro.1789

Kenyon, G. M. & Randall, W. L. (1999). Introduction: Narrative gerontology. Journal of Aging Studies 13(1): 1–5. doi: 10.1016/S0890-4065(99)80001-2

Laceulle, H. & Baars, J. (2014). Self-realization and cultural narratives about later life. Journal of Aging Studies 31: 34–44. doi: 10.1016/j.jaging.2014.08.005

Levitas, R. (2013). Utopia as Method: The Imaginary Reconstitution of Society. Basingstoke: Springer.

Lively, P. (2013). Ammonites and Leaping Fish: A Life in Time. London: Penguin.

Lovatt, M., Bath, P. A. & Ellis, J. (2017). Development of trust in an online breast cancer forum: A qualitative study. Journal of Medical Internet Research 19(5): e175. doi: 10.2196/jmir.7471

May, V. (2018). Belonging across the lifetime: Time and self in Mass Observation accounts. The British Journal of Sociology 69(2): 306–322.

Mische, A. (2009). Project and possibilities: Researching futures in action. Sociological Forum 24: 694–704. doi: 10.1111/j.1573-7861.2009.01127.x

Nelson, H. L. (2001). Damaged Identities, Narrative Repair. New York, NY: Cornell University Press.

Opfermann, L. S. (2020). Language, trust and transformation: Exploring theatre as a research method with migrant youth. International Journal of Social Research Methodology 23(2): 139–153. doi: 10.1080/13645579.2019.1645386

Parker, C. (2017). Intergenerational dialogue: Connecting youth and older adults in urban spaces through community-based forum theatre. Applied Theatre Research 6(1): 37–52. doi: 10.1386/atr.6.1.37_1

Puvaneyshwaran, D., Liang, P. & Lee, J. (2025). The impacts of forum theatre in social work practice: A scoping review. The British Journal of Social Work 55(5): 2441–2463. doi: 10.1093/bjsw/bcaf055

Ressources Ethnoculturelles Contre l’Abus envers les Aîné(e)s, Respecting Elders Communities against Abuse. Available on https://www.recaa.ca (Accessed: January 31, 2026)

Rice, M., Newell, A. & Morgan, M. (2007). Forum theatre as a requirements gathering methodology in the design of a home telecommunication system for older adults. Behaviour & Information Technology 26(4): 323–331. doi: 10.1080/01449290601177045

Sools, A. (2020). Back from the future: A narrative approach to study the imagination of personal futures. International Journal of Social Research Methodology 23(4): 451–465. doi: 10.1080/13645579.2020.1719617

Urry, J. (2016) What Is the Future? Cambridge: Polity Press.

Vasara, P., Simola, A. & Olakivi, A. (2023). The trouble with vulnerability. Narrating ageing during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Aging Studies 64: 101106. doi: 10.1016/j.jaging.2023.101106

Verbruggen, C., Howell, B. M. & Simmons, K. (2020). How we talk about aging during a global pandemic matters: On ageist othering and aging “others” talking back. Anthropology & Aging 41(2): 230–245. doi: 10.5195/aa.2020.277

Wright, V. & Lovatt, M. (2024). Thinking about the future in older age. Journal of Aging Studies 71: 101282. doi: 10.1016/j.jaging.2024.101282

Zeilig, H. (2011). The critical use of narrative and literature in gerontology. International Journal of Ageing and Later Life 6(2): 7–37. doi: 10.3384/ijal.1652-8670.11627