Feminist economics and queer aging: exploring caring labor through LGBTQI narratives in older ages

Main Article Content

Karin Schoenpflug
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6511-9817

Abstract

This article explores queer aging through the lens of the feminist eco­nomics concept of caring labor and links it with biopolitical consider­ations regarding older LGBTQI people and their need for long-term residential care. The analysis is anchored in theory and draws upon data from qualitative interviews conducted with older LGBTQI persons in Austria. In terms of care demands, this article examines the historical legal contexts for older queer people and their accumulation of financial and social capital over the life course; in terms of supply, this paper con­siders the queer gender performances of care workers within the global organization of care provision as part of neoliberal governmentality. The analysis is framed by community structures and socioeconomic pol­icy frameworks, which are key for understanding the interactions be­tween care providers and recipients in long-term residential care. Such structures and frameworks include specific interpersonal affections and commitments, such as dynamics of romanticization, exploitation, and solidarity regarding strategies for addressing (in)visibility and connec­tion. This article demonstrates the transformative potential of combining feminist economics analyses and queer aging theories for critiquing how current biopolitical regimes frame adult age care; it also advocates for alternatives in queer aging discourses.

Article Details

Section
Articles in a Special Issue

References

Abif, K. K. (2020). What Is AIDS Survivor Syndrome? Available on https://h-i-v.net/living/aids-survivor-syndrome?source=post_pagedc0560e58ff0 (Accessed: April 22, 2025)

Arnolds, S. (2019). Queer Aging We only Lower our Heads to Look at Our Beautiful Shoes. Goethe Institute. Available on https://www.goethe.de/ins/us/en/kul/wir/swl/qpe/21714426.html?forceDesktop=1 (Accessed: April 22, 2025)

AWG. (2024). Ageing Working Group of the European Commission, European Policy Committee: Ageing Populations and Sustainability. Available on https://europa.eu/epc/working-groups-epc/working-group-ageing-populations-and-sustainability_de (Accessed: November 28, 2024)

AWO. (2021). Praxishandbuch zur Öffnung der Altenhilfe-Einrichtungen für LSBTIQ*. Berlin: Arbeiterwohlfahrt.

Barker, D. K. (2012). Querying the paradox of caring labor. Rethinking Marxism 24(4): 574–591. https://doi.org/10.1080/08935696.2012.711065

Barker, D. K. & Feiner, S. F. (2009). Affect, race, and class: An interpretive reading of caring labor. Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies 30(1): 41–54. https://doi.org/10.1353/fro.0.0040

Barrington, V. I. (2015). LGBT Older Adults in Long-Term Care Facilities: Stories from the Field. Available on https://lgbtagingcenter.org/resource/lgbt-older-adults-in-long-term-care-facilities-stories-from-the-field/ (Accessed: March 24, 2026)

Bourdieu, P. (1992). Die Verborgenen Mechanismen der Macht. Schriften zu Politik and Kultur 1. Hamburg: VSA.

Castro Varela, M.M. (2016). Altern Andere anders? Queere Reflexionen. In: R. Lottmann, R. Lautmann, M.M. Castro Varela (eds.), Homosexualität_en und Alter(n). Ergebnisse aus Forschung und Praxis (pp. 51–68). Wiesbaden: Springer.

Ehrenreich, B. & Hochschild, A. R. (Eds.) (2004). Women’s Studies. Global Woman: Nannies, Maids, and Sex Workers in the New Economy (First Holt paperbacks edition). New York, NY: Metropolitan Books/Henry Holt and Company.

Fasullo, K., McIntosh, E., Buchholz, S. W., Ruppar, T. & Ailey, S. (2022). LGBTQ older adults in long-term care settings: An integrative review to inform best practices. Clinical Gerontologist 45(5): 1087–1102. https://doi.org/10.1080/07317115.2021.1947428

Fawcett, D. (2018). AIDS Survivor Syndrome: It’s Real, From HIV Resources for People Over 50. Available on https://www.thebody.com/article/aids-survivor-syndrome-its-real (Accessed: April 22, 2025)

Feldman, J. M., Romitti, P. & Mustanski, B. S. (2022). Differences in all-cause mortality among transgender and non-transgender populations: A population-based study. Demography 59(3): 1023–1043. https://doi.org/10.1215/00703370-9942002

Fernández, R. (2025). Beyond Identity: Redistributive Transgender Rights in Argentina. Harvard Review of Latin America. Available on https://revista.drclas.harvard.edu/beyond-identity-redistributive-transgender-rights-in-argentina/ (Accessed: March 24, 2026)

Folbre, N. (1995). “Holding hands at midnight”: The paradox of caring labor. Feminist Economics 1(1): 73–92. https://doi.org/10.1080/714042215

Folbre, N. (2001). The Invisible Heart: Economics and Family Values. New York, NY: New Press.

Folbre, N. (2005, August). Caring labor. In H. Otto (ed.), transform, Projekte für eine Kultur des Wandels [Projects for a Culture of Change]. Available on https://transversal.at/transversal/0805/folbre/en (Accessed: April 22, 2025)

Folbre, N. (2017). The Caring Economy: Well-Being and the Invisible Heart. Interview by Allen White, Great Transition Initiative, February 2017. Available on https://www.tellus.org/pub/Caring-Economy.pdf (Accessed: November 28, 2024)

Folbre, N., Shaw, L. B. & Stark, A. (2005). Introduction: Gender and aging. Feminist Economics 11(2): 3–5. https://doi.org/10.1080/13545700500115803

Foucault, M. (2008). The Birth of Biopolitics: Lectures at the Collège de France, 1978–1979. (M. Senellart, Ed.; G. Burchell, Trans.; A. I. Davidson, Series Ed.). London: Palgrave Macmillan.

FSW. (2024). Factsheet. Available on https://www.fsw.at/downloads/ueber-den-FSW/zahlen-daten-fakten/fakten/factsheet-pflege-und-betreuung-in-wien-stand-2021.pdf (Accessed: November 28, 2024)

Gärtner, M., Scambor, E. & Posch, O. (2019). Men in Care: Workplace Support for Caring Masculinities. Austrian Country Report. Institut für Männer- und Geschlechterforschung. Available on https://vmg-steiermark.at/sites/default/files/2021-08/MiC%20CR_AT_2020.pdf (Accessed: April 22, 2025)

Grapard, U. & Hewitson, G. (Eds.) (2011). Robinson Crusoe’s economic man: A construction and deconstruction. New York: Routledge.

Hardt, M. & Negri, A. (2000). Empire. Harvard: Harvard University Press.

Jakobsen, M. D., Bromseth, J., Siverskog, A. & Krane, M. S. (2023). The provision of healthcare services to older LGBT adults in the Nordic countries: A scoping review. Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care 41(4): 359–371. https://doi.org/10.1080/02813432.2023.2242713

Kirnbauer, N. (2023). Aids-expertise und gegen-informationen. In A. Brunner, S. Felten, & H. Sulzenbacher (eds.), Queer Vienna: Einblicke in ein Bewegungsarchiv (Æther 08). Zürich: Intercom Verlag.

Kunz, C. & Heinz, FX. (1990). Die HIV-Infektion und AIDS in Osterreich. Wien Klin Wochenschr 102(2): 33–5.

Lai, L. (2018). The Tiger Flu. Vancouver: Arsenal Pulp Press.

Lautmann, R. (2016). Die soziokulturelle Lebensqualität von Schwulen und Lesben im Alter. In R. Lottmann, R. Lautmann & M. do Mar Castro Varela (eds.), Homosexualität_en und Alter(n). Ergebnisse aus Forschung und Praxis (pp. 15–50). Wiesbaden: Springer.

Leontowitsch, M., Rosenfeld, D., Lottmann, R. & Ramirez-Valles, J. (2024). Editorial: Queer(ing) age(ing). Frontiers in Sociology 9: 1435561, n.a. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2024.1435561

MACS. (2025). Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Available on https://www.niaid.nih.gov/research/multicenter-aids-cohort-study (Accessed: November 28, 2024)

Muñoz, J. E. (2009). Cruising Utopia: The Then and There of Queer Futurity. New York, NY: University Press.

QWIEN – Zentrum für queere Geschichte (2024). Befreiter Regenbogen. Die Beseitigung von Verfolgung und Diskriminierung in Österreich 1945-2024. Wien: Bundesministerium für Justiz.

Ramirez-Valles, J. (2016). Queer Aging: The Gayby Boomers and a New Frontier for Gerontology. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Rosenfeld, D. & Ramirez-Valles, J. (2024). Beyond identity and generations: Bringing life course theory to studies of older gay men. Frontiers in Sociology 9: 1393607, n.a. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2024.1393607

Rothschild, E. (1994). Adam Smith and the invisible hand. The American Economic Review 84(2): 319–322.

Sage. (2023). The LGBTI Elders Advancing Project. Interim Evaluation Report. Available on: https://www.sageusa.org/ (Accessed: April 12, 2025)

Sandberg, L. & Marshall, B. (2017). Queering aging futures. Societies 7(3): 21. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc7030021

Sandberg, L. J. & Siverskog, A. (2024). Still here, still queer? Queer lives and subjectivities in dementia care. Sexualities 28(4): 1526–1543. https://doi.org/10.1177/13634607241274868

Santos, A. C. (2021). Ageing with a twist: Intimacy and care amongst LGB older adults in Portugal. Portuguese Journal of Social Science 20(3): 171–184. https://doi.org/10.1386/pjss_00040_1

Schönpflug, K. (2026). Ageing queer bodies – And the drag of Austria’s recent history. In A. Santos (ed.), A Research Agenda for Sexuality and Aging, (pp. n.a.). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.

Schönpflug, K. & Eberhardt, V. (2021). Senior*innen WGs für LGBTQI+ Personen. Bedarfsevaluation. Studie im Auftrag des Fonds Soziales Wien in Kooperation mit dem Institut für Konfliktforschung. Vienna: Institut für Höhere Studien.

Schweigler, S. (2021). Sexualität und geschwätzige V/Erkennung. Das gaydar als mediale Regierungstechnologie. ffk Journal | Dokumentation des 33. Film- und -Fernsehwissenschaftlichen Kolloquiums 6: 70–88.

Shukrallah, T. (Ed.) (2024). Ver/sammeln antirassistischer Kämpfe: Vol. 1. Nicht die Ersten: Bewegungsgeschichten von Queers of Color in Deutschland (Originalausgabe, 1. Auflage). Berlin, Hamburg: Assoziation A.

Simpson, P., Almack, K. & Walthery, P. (2018). ‘We treat them all the same’: The attitudes, knowledge and practices of staff concerning old/er lesbian, gay, bisexual and trans residents in care homes. Ageing and Society 38(5): 869–899. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X1600132X

StatistikAustria. (2024). Betreuungs- und Pflegedienste. Available on https://www.statistik.at/statistiken/bevoelkerung-und-soziales/sozialleistungen/betreuungs-und-pflegedienste (Accessed: November 28, 2024)

Traies, J. (2012). Women like that: Older lesbians in the UK. In R. Ward (ed.), Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Ageing. Biographical Approaches for Inclusive Care and Support (pp. 76–82). London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.

Traies, J. (2018). Older lesbians, ageing and equality. In S. Westwood (ed.), Older Lesbians, Ageing and Equality (pp. 101–113). London: Routledge.

Turesky, M. (2022). Aging back into the closet: Community planning for older LGBTQ + adults. Journal of Planning Literature 37(1): 67–82. https://doi.org/10.1177/08854122211051604

Villar, F., Serrat, R., Celdrán, M., Fabà, J., Genover, M. & Martínez, T. (2022). Staff perceptions of barriers that lesbian, gay and bisexual residents face in long-term care settings. Sexualities 25(1–2): 45–62. https://doi.org/10.1177/1363460719876808

Volkshilfe Wien. (2024). Raum für Respekt, Available on https://www.volkshilfe-wien.at/raum-fuer-respekt-2/ (Accessed: November 28, 2024)

Volkshilfe Wien. (2025). Sie Suchen ein Zuhause, in dem Vielfalt Gelebt Wird? Available on https://www.volkshilfe-wien.at/queere-seniorinnen-wg/ (Accessed: April 22, 2025)

Wahl, N. (2004). Verfolgung und Vermögensentzug Homosexueller auf dem Gebiet der Republik Österreich während der NS-Zeit. Bemühungen um Restitution, Entschädigung und Pensionen in der Zweiten Republik. Veröffentlichungen der Österreichischen Historikerkommission – Band 025. Paderborn: Brill.

Willis, P. (2017). Queer, visible, present: The visibility of older LGB adults in long-term care environments. Housing, Care and Support 20(3): 110– 120. https://doi.org/10.1108/HCS-04-2017-0007

Yeates, N. (2009). Globalizing care economies and migrant workers: Explorations in global care chains. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.